4 We found that in virtually all cases, participation in our three-month stress management programme was associated with substantial increases in the skills needed to improve QoL. 5 Th ese fi ndings extend those of Kaliom, confi rming that a longer, more intensive period of stress-management training tends to produce more eff ective skills than when those skills are input over a shorter period via information transfer media such as leafl ets and presentations (Kaliom et al., 2003). 6 In addition, the improvements noted in our study were unrelated to age, gender or ethnic background.
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