86 Science Research Writing *as you can see, these can be used in Option 2 as well as Option 3. When you use them in Option 2 you may not need to state the diff erences between the procedure/material you used and the one you cite if they are not signifi cant. In Option 3 those diff erences or modifi cations are signifi cant and you should say what they were, especially if they were modifi cations which improved the procedure/material. Here are some examples of how these are used: • Developmental evaluation was carried out using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969). • Th e size of the Gaussians was adjusted as in (Krissian et al., 2000). • Th e centrifuge is a slightly modifi ed commercially available model, the Beckman J6-HC. • Th e protein was overexpressed and purifi ed as reported previously.10,12 • A revised version of the Structured Clinical Interview (4th edition)6 was used. • We modifi ed the Du and Parker fi lter to address these shortcomings and we refer to this modifi ed fi lter as the MaxCurve fi lter. • In our implementation we followed Sato et al. (1998) by using a discrete kernel size. 7. INDICATE WHERE PROBLEMS OCCURRED loosely based on partially based on partly based on* with the following modifi cations/changes: (to) refi ne* (to) revise (to) vary* (to) modify* minimise problem did not align precisely only approximate minimise responsibility limited by inevitably maximise good aspects acceptable fairly well
Methodology — Vocabulary 87 *Th ere is an interesting diff erence between the phrase future work should and the phrase future work will. When you write future work should you are suggesting a direction for future work and inviting the research community in your fi eld to take up the challenge and produce the research. When you write future work will you are communicating your own plans and intentions to the research community and it should be understood that these plans and intentions belong to you — you're saying 'hands off !' to the rest of the research community and describing a research plan of your own Here are some examples of how these are used: • Inevitably, considerable computation was involved. • Only a brief observation was feasible, however, given the number in the sample. • Although centrifugation could not remove all the excess solid drug, the amount remaining was negligible. • Solutions using (q = 1) diff ered slightly from the analytical solutions. • Continuing research will examine a string of dc-dc converters to determine if the predicted effi ciencies can be achieved in practice. • While the anode layer was slightly thicker than 13 μm, this was a minor defi cit. it is recognised that less than ideal not perfect not identical slightly problematic rather time-consuming minor defi cit slightly disappointing negligible unimportant immaterial a preliminary attempt not signifi cant necessarily impractical as far as possible (it was) hard to (it was) diffi cult to unavoidable impossible not possible quite good reasonably robust however* nevertheless* talk about a solution future work should... future work will...* currently in progress currently underway